A seven-amino-acid ACTH fragment analogue, 5mg per vial.
Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide, seven amino acids in the order Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro, with the molecular formula C37H51N9O10S, a molecular weight of about 813.9 g/mol and the CAS number 80714-61-0. Its name comes from the Russian for 'seven amino acids'. The first four residues are a fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH 4-7); the last three are a proline-glycine-proline tail added for stability. The modification strips out the hormonal activity of the parent molecule while keeping the fragment that acts in the nervous system, and it was developed in Russia on that basis. It is commonly researched for its effects on the dopamine and serotonin systems and on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the protein at the centre of neuroplasticity research, and in models of cognition, attention and the nervous system's response to stress and injury. Its interaction with the melanocortin receptors, and with the enzymes that break down the body's own enkephalins, are further lines of inquiry, and its mechanism of action is still described as unknown. It is a registered prescription medicine in Russia, where it appears on the government's list of vital and essential medicines, but it has not been evaluated or approved by regulators in the UK, the EU or the US. Supplied as 5mg of freeze-dried powder per vial, for reconstitution with bacteriostatic water; store at 2–8°C.